Description

The Snowflake Eel features a thick, elongated body with a complex marbled pattern of white, black, and yellow markings that vary between individuals. Its blunt snout and powerful jaws are adapted for crushing hard-shelled prey such as crustaceans, rather than the fish-hunting behaviour seen in many other moray species.

Adults typically reach 60–90 cm (24–36 inches) in captivity. Their sinuous swimming behavior, expressive movements, and vivid coloration make them an eye-catching and charismatic presence in larger marine systems.

Aquarium Requirements

Minimum Tank Size: 250–350 litres (65–90 US gallons)
(Larger recommended for adults approaching full size)

Temperature: 24–27 °C (75–81 °F)

pH: 8.1–8.4

Specific Gravity (Salinity): 1.023–1.025

Alkalinity: 8–12 dKH

Ammonia & Nitrite: 0 ppm

Nitrate: < 20–30 ppm (tolerant but prefer clean water)

Aquascape and Environment:
Provide a secure, well-structured aquarium with abundant caves, rockwork, and PVC tunnels to mimic its natural cryptic habitat. Snowflake Eels are escape artists and require a tightly sealed lid with no gaps. Moderate flow and strong biological filtration are essential due to their heavy feeding habits.

Diet and Feeding

The Snowflake Eel is primarily a carnivore specializing in hard-shelled prey. In captivity, it adapts relatively easily to meaty prepared foods.

Recommended Foods:

• Frozen shrimp, krill, squid, and silversides

• Chopped clams, scallops, or marine fish

• Occasional live crustaceans to stimulate natural feeding behaviour

• Diets should be offered with feeding tongs to avoid accidental bites

Feed 2–4 times per week, depending on size and age. Avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity and water quality issues.

Temperament and Compatibility

The Snowflake Eel is one of the more peaceful moray species, typically ignoring healthy tankmates that are too large to swallow. However, they may prey on small fish or crustaceans, especially during nighttime foraging.

Suitable Tankmates:

• Medium to large peaceful or semi-aggressive fish such as tangs, wrasses, rabbitfish, and angelfish

• Large, robust invertebrates

• Other morays only in very large systems with ample hiding spaces

Avoid:

• Small fish such as gobies, blennies, or cardinalfish, which may be eaten

• Crabs and shrimp, which are natural prey

• Aggressive species that may harass the eel

Reef Compatibility

⚠️ Reef Compatible With Caution

While the Snowflake Eel does not harm corals, it may consume small fish, crustaceans, and ornamental shrimp. Its burrowing and exploratory behaviour may also disturb loose frags or unsecured rockwork.

Safe for:

• Corals (SPS, LPS, soft corals)

• Clams (generally ignored)

Use caution with:

• Any small moving invertebrates

• Very small or slow fish species

Additional Information

Maximum Size: 60–90 cm (24–36 inches)
Lifespan: 15–20+ years in captivity
Difficulty Level: Moderate (due to size, escape-proofing, and feeding needs)
Natural Behaviour: Crevice-dwelling, nocturnal forager; becomes bold with consistent care
Origin: Indo-Pacific – East Africa to Hawaii
Colouration: Marbled pattern of white, black, and yellow; distinct “snowflake” blotches

Summary

The Snowflake Eel (Echidna nebulosa) is a hardy, visually captivating, and highly engaging moray eel species ideal for larger fish-only or predator reef aquariums. Reef safe with corals but predatory toward small fish and crustaceans, it thrives in secure, well-structured environments with strong filtration and a varied carnivorous diet. Long-lived, intelligent, and personable, the Snowflake Eel adds both character and dramatic presence to any advanced marine setup.