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Gem Tang (Zebrasoma gemmatum)
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Overview
The Gem Tang (Zebrasoma gemmatum) is one of the most coveted and visually striking surgeonfish in the marine aquarium hobby. Instantly recognisable by its deep charcoal to black body adorned with shimmering white “gem-like” spots and contrasting pale fin edging, this species is native to the western Indian Ocean, most notably around Mauritius and Réunion.
Highly active yet graceful, the Gem Tang makes a spectacular showpiece fish for large, mature reef aquariums. Due to its rarity, value, and specific care requirements, it is best suited to experienced aquarists who can provide a stable, high-quality environment.
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Aquarium Requirements
Minimum Tank Size: 125 gallons (475 litres) or larger
Temperature: 24–27°C (75–81°F)
pH: 8.1–8.4
Specific Gravity: 1.020–1.025
Alkalinity: 8–12 dKH
Ammonia & Nitrite: 0 ppm
Nitrate: < 10 ppm
Aquascape: Open rockwork with ample swimming space and grazing surfaces
The Gem Tang requires a spacious aquarium with excellent water quality, strong circulation, and high oxygenation. A mature system with established rockwork and natural algae growth is ideal. Stability is key, as this species can be sensitive to rapid changes in water parameters. Regular maintenance, efficient filtration, and consistent water changes are essential for long-term success.
Diet and Feeding
The Gem Tang is primarily herbivorous and benefits from frequent feedings to support its active lifestyle and immune health. In the wild, it spends much of the day grazing on algae. In captivity, offer a varied and nutrient-rich diet including:
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Dried seaweed (nori) or macroalgae
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Spirulina-based flakes or pellets
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High-quality herbivore formulations
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Occasional frozen foods such as mysis shrimp for dietary variety
Feed two to three times daily in small portions. Continuous access to algae sheets or grazing stations is highly recommended.
Temperament and Compatibility
Gem Tangs are generally peaceful but can be territorial toward other tangs, particularly those of similar body shape or genus (Zebrasoma). In large systems, they may coexist with other tangs if introduced carefully, ideally at the same time or with adequate space.
They are best housed with peaceful to semi-aggressive reef fish that can tolerate active swimmers. Avoid overly aggressive tankmates that may cause stress or competition for food.
Reef Compatibility
The Gem Tang is reef safe and will not damage corals or most invertebrates. Its natural grazing behaviour makes it beneficial in reef aquariums by helping control nuisance algae. Adequate swimming space is essential to prevent stress and ensure natural behaviour.
Additional Information
Maximum Size: Approximately 22 cm (9 inches)
Lifespan: 10+ years with proper care
Difficulty Level: Advanced
Natural Behaviour: Active swimmer, constant grazer, semi-territorial
The Gem Tang is a rare and exceptional species that rewards experienced aquarists with unmatched beauty and presence. When housed in a large, stable, and mature aquarium with excellent water quality and a varied herbivorous diet, it can become a breathtaking centrepiece and long-term resident of a premium reef system.
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